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[post_content] => The global population is so clued up nowadays on the dangers of excessive exposure to harmful rays of sunshine. Additionally, the environmental lobby has fuelled this with tons of information broadcast in the public domain about the hole in the ozone layer. So, forget tanning parlours and sun beds, so last century, it’s all about covering up with Factor 50 or fake spray tans to achieve that golden glow and honeyed look. Melanoma is a diagnosis most people associate with the skin but what is the actual meaning of melanoma?
Spotting melanoma
Melanoma originates in the skin cells and is therefore frequently visible unlike other forms of cancer which remain invasive and hidden. Melanoma derives its name from melanin, a darkish brown or black pigment present in the skin, hair and eyes in both people and mammals. Melanin controls the skin’s tanning response via Melanocytes, the skin’s pigment cells.
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To create melanoma, there is usually an external trigger, for instance, commonly persistent sunburn or just continuous quantities of UV light. Ethnically, Caucasian people are at greater risk than those with darker skin tones such as people of African or Hispanic heritage.
What is the most likely prognosis of melanoma in situ?
Melanoma originates in the skin cells and is therefore frequently visible unlike other forms of cancer which remain invasive and hidden. Melanoma derives its name from melanin, a darkish brown or black pigment present in the skin, hair and eyes in both people and mammals. Melanin controls the skin’s tanning response via Melanocytes, the skin’s pigment cells. To create melanoma, there is usually an external trigger, for instance, commonly persistent sunburn or just continuous quantities of UV light. Ethnically, Caucasian people are at greater risk than those with darker skin tones such as people of African or Hispanic heritage.
What is the most likely prognosis of melanoma in situ?
Melanoma is a form of cancer which causes death if it spreads or metastasizes to other locations in the body including internal organs. A melanoma discovered in situ, therefore, is routinely awarded the prognosis of malignancy requiring prompt intervention. Malignant melanoma in situ is clinically defined as a thin but spreading patch of melanoma the depth of which is relative to the gravity of the disease. It may be no deeper than the superficial skin layers but characterised by outward spread and increasing in diameter.
How is melanoma detected?
Melanomas are visible so cancer which is potentially identified early. Melanoma may not necessarily evidence as a new growth or change in fresh unblemished skin, it can manifest as an alteration to the appearance of an existing mole or birthmark. Glance at these pictures to familiarise yourself with the identity of melanoma.
Different types of melanoma
A melanoma diagnosis tends to fall into one of three categories, Spreading melanoma, Nodular melanoma which centres around a mole or other normally harmless skin condition and Lentigo melanoma which involves freckles.
Are there sites on the body where melanoma is more common?
Melanomas as a generalisation occur on the legs of females and on the backs of males, possibly reflecting popular fashion and clothing trends in hot weather, exceptions always prove the rule, however.
Melanomas can develop on the face, usually presenting as a slowly growing odd-shaped freckle. Rarely, there are instances of subungual melanoma sited under the fingernails and acral lentiginous melanoma are on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
What is the treatment for melanoma in situ?
Treatment options involve surgical excision which aims to remove cancerous tissue plus a small quantity of healthy skin to ensure that nothing has been overlooked. Adequate clearance is confirmed by histology whereby excised skin is studied in a laboratory environment under a microscope. This is the standard treatment regimen for melanoma in situ plus close monitoring and follow-ups of the patient to detect any progression of the disease. Melanoma which has metastasized thereby affecting other parts of the body requires more aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
What are the average margins removed with melanoma in situ?
Currently, surgeons will harvest approximately 5mm of unaffected skin around the lesion. This became a documented industry standard in 1992. Evidence is increasingly demonstrating that this amount is conservative but no scientific data exists to suggest a more appropriate alternative.
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Despite cutting edge technology – pun intended! - so bright lighting, something called Woods lighting which is black light invisible to the naked eye and, the enhancement of magnification - the clinician cannot take the risk that he has missed a tiny portion of cancerous cells, undetectable with the naked eye. Thus, the debate over accurate and beneficial margins in cases of melanoma in situ continues to rage amongst the medical profession. Most sufferers want the minimal loss of skin for cosmetic reasons but fear the return of cancer more.
What are the stages of melanoma?
Very rapid skin changes are often far less concerning than those materialising over the passage of time. Actual confirmation of melanoma is undertaken via biopsy. A tiny segment is removed for specialist analysis. A positive corroboration is accompanied by a benchmark of severity simply referred to as Stages I-IV, the latter being the most serious. Stage labelling allows the doctor to understand the progression of the disease and determine the most efficacious interventions. The first three stages refer to the depth of melanoma within the skin, size and possible ulceration. Only Stage IV indicates that the illness has spread to other organs.
What is the recurrence of melanoma in situ following surgery?
Survival rates hinge almost totally on the original status of the melanoma at point of diagnosis. Prompt identification and treatment are therefore crucial to happy outcomes. Further primary i.e. not secondary developments, melanomas in situ have a recurrence rate of 0.5% per annum for the first five years post-treatment, decreasing thereafter. Certain age ranges demonstrate a greater propensity for recurrence too, those aged between 15 and 39 and 65 to 79 with the middle years less favoured.
Article References:
- https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2014/07/what-are-the-most-common-sites-for-melanoma/
- https://www.medicinenet.com/melanoma/article.htm#what_are_the_types_of_melanoma
- https://journals.lww.com/dermatologicsurgery/Abstract/2016/03000/Excision_Margins_for_Melanoma_In_Situ_on_the_Head.7.aspx
- https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/wood-lamp-skin-examination/
- https://www.jwatch.org/jd201204060000001/2012/04/06/surgical-margins-melanoma-situ
- https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/stages-of-melanoma/
[post_title] => Melanoma in Situ: Prognosis, Recurrence, Margins, Treatments
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[post_content] => It won’t come as any great revelation to learn that fair and pale skinned people with blonde or red hair, are more susceptible to the development of melanoma. But did you know that globally per head of populace, melanoma is the commonest type of cancer in the age range 15-29 and the fifth most prevalent cancer overall across the world? Further, Melanoma is one of the most rapid cancers in terms of aggressive progress and spread.
Interesting and surprising statistics about melanoma
Rather unsurprisingly, melanoma statistics reveal that the sharpest current rise in cases is in the post fifty years age group, a reflection of sun worshipping habits and general ignorance of the dangers of UV rays which younger people are much more in tune with.
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This bracket also accounts for the overall percentage rise in melanoma sufferers over the last three decades, as the likely incidence of contracting melanoma increases with age. Most people survive their initial surgery but clinical data on collective survival rates is complicated by multiple factors including the speed of diagnosis, the designated stage or seriousness of the melanoma based on thickness and, the mitotic rate, essentially the rapidity at which the cells subdivide and proliferate.
What are the real facts about the cause of melanoma?
Doctors still maintain that exposure to UV is the greatest trigger of melanoma coupled with genetic factors in terms of skin shade and familial traits. Don’t believe the propaganda that sunbeds and tanning lamps are safe; the scientific evidence and facts from melanoma research demonstrate they cause the same damage as natural sunshine. Where they can be beneficial is in very short controlled windows, accustoming skin to small quantities of UV light which can assist in the prevention of burning. But if you are heading to warmer climes with lily-white North European complexions and wall to wall sunshine, best to stay covered up or use high factor total block sun oil. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, more people develop melanoma from artificial tanning devices than lung cancer from nicotine addiction.
Does a biopsy for melanoma hurt?
The process of biopsy to evaluate a skin abnormality or growth for melanoma status is not painful. Biopsy literally means a gathering of a tiny percentage of tissue. The area is numbed beforehand with a small injection of local anaesthetic. Sometimes the entire lesion is removed because part of its evaluation is thickness and overall size. Patients are left with a small wound which will be managed routinely as any other deliberate or accidental incision. The area is cleaned and dressed to protect it from infection. Any discomfort can be managed with oral painkillers and anti-inflammatory medication.
What information does melanoma histology offer?
A specialist skin pathologist examines the biopsy microscopically with the intention of grading it into one of four categories. The examination conclusion or melanoma histology is based on the depth of the melanoma, the existence of ulceration, consideration as to whether the cells are dividing and finally, confirmation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes otherwise known as immune cells. Critically, the report will also describe the presence or absence of melanoma on the edges and bottom of the sample, an essential indicator to the surgical team of their success or otherwise of the removal of all the malignant flesh.
Why is immunotherapy recommended for some melanoma sufferers and not others?
Unless cancer is very far advanced and terminal and care is simply palliative, then removal of the melanoma via operation is standard procedure. Immunotherapy for melanoma is also offered where there is a high possibility of recurrence or cancer has already invaded other areas of the body – metastatic melanoma. Immunotherapy is used in melanoma treatment and other cancers - lung cancer and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - to stimulate the immune response, encouraging the body to destroy any melanoma cells itself.
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At this stage, an oncologist can use agents to boost the immune system and common prescriptions would include antibodies and interleukins, names like Imlygic, Opdivo and Keytruda are all FDA approved. Studies are also investigating the potential benefits of stem cell treatments and vaccine therapy which are undergoing clinical trials.
What to expect from surgery to remove a melanoma?
A small area of skin or abnormal-looking mole can be quickly removed at an outpatient’s clinic and does not necessitate a hospital stay. A wider or deeper excision or removal near a joint e.g. the elbow may need to be conducted under general anaesthesia and you could need a skin graft to repair the incised area. This involves cutting a patch of skin from a discrete area to apply to the wound to promote healing and this cannot be done under local anaesthetic. Follow up appointments and antibiotics are required throughout the healing process. A GA also allows the doctor to inspect your lymph nodes if there is a suggestion that cancer has spread. This applies to those diagnosed with Stage 1B or Stage 2 melanoma. The test is called an SLNB or sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Melanoma surgery depends wholly on your stage of melanoma. For small scale removal under a local numbing agent, there is barely any inconvenience or disruption to daily life. This is why it is always recommended to quickly remove anything that is unusual or odd before it becomes a real problem.
Article References:
- https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-melanoma
- https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/melanoma/statistics
- https://www.cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/cancer-types/melanoma
- https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/melanoma/diagnosis
- https://www.melanoma.org/understand-melanoma/melanoma-treatment/immunotherapy
- https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/melanoma/treatment/surgery/surgery-remove-melanoma
[post_title] => Melanoma Statistics, Facts, Biopsy, Immunotherapy, History, Surgery
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[post_content] => For a small and relatively innocuous looking cancer, melanoma can prove to be totally deadly. Melanoma is a cancer paradox. If detected early, curative success rates can be as high as 95%-98%. Without fast, decisive intervention in the initial stages however and it can pan out as a completely different story. It’s hard to get your head around how something as small and insignificant as a mole can become life-threatening in as little as six weeks, it just doesn’t stack up.
How fast does melanoma spread?
To understand the gravity of melanoma, read the case study of Leland Fay, a male aged 46 living in Colorado. This guy had a small mole on his head removed by cryosurgery by a specialist clinic, picked up on a standard examination. The mole returned, bigger than the original.
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It was biopsied and the patient was handed the startling news that it was indeed Stage IV melanoma. He had as little as six weeks to live. It’s nuts! Cancer that is totally curable at the offset can become a raging killer in a matter of weeks, how does that work exactly? For the record, this particular victim survives thanks to aggressive and ongoing treatment. Hopefully, his story bears witness to how fast melanoma does spread.
How fast does melanoma grow?
There is a golden window with melanoma when it remains truly superficial, localised within the skin. Stage Zero, described medically as, ‘in situ’, indicates that the melanoma is non-invasive, confined within the top layer of the skin. Invasion into the dermis, Stages I and II, still results in pleasing survival rates of nearly one hundred per cent. How fast the melanoma grows does depend on whether it spreads or, a technical term metastasizes into the lymph nodes, the first port of call for melanoma.
The Lymphatic System
The Lymph System is the motorway network of the human body, a lattice of miniscule vessels or tubes. It is multi-functional. It moves around chyle from the digestive tract, a milky substance with fat droplets, fatty acids and excess fluid that sits external to the cells. Lymph tissue is located in locales as diverse as the tonsils to the spleen, bone marrow to the thymus gland. Melanoma first metastisizes by leaching melanoma cells into the lymphatic fluid. It is easy to see how the channels then transport them to different parts of the body via the lymph nodes. There is also lymphatic tissue in the liver, heart, lungs and intestine.
Where are lymph nodes sited?
Lymph nodes are small exchange hubs where chemicals and other systemic products can be deposited before transportation to other areas of the body. Critically, lymph nodes contain lymphocytes which are white blood cells and one of the main components of the body’s immune response. There are multiple lymph nodes in the head and neck, also a popular location for melanoma.
Where can melanoma land up?
Once a melanoma gets on the move, classified as ‘in transit’, it is categorised as Stage III. If cancerous cells arrive at the lymph nodes, survival rates lower dramatically as from here, distant organs and parts of the body are accessible. Odds drop to 62%. On arrival at remote sites in the body, the melanoma is classed as a Stage IV. Five-year survival stats reduce even further to 18%. The advent of new therapies is impacting on Stage IV patients with some impressive life-prolonging results. But there is no substitute for early detection and prompt treatment.
Different skin types versus the risk of developing melanoma
Clearly, burning your skin is very dangerous and pale complexions are more prone to this than olive or darker skins. But it is fallacious to be relaxed and indifferent to the risk of melanoma just because you tan well and don’t have a propensity to burn.
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The risk is simply lower not absent. When melanoma is detected in people with very dark skin and naturally higher melanin levels, it is often far more advanced and harder to treat with a guarded prognosis.
Go with your own glow
The Go With Your Own Glow campaign is a movement by the Skin Cancer Foundation designed to render the promotion and desirability of an artificial tan as obsolete, unfashionable and unflattering. It is a message of prevention via education. This crusade has some top name publicity including features in New York Magazine, Harper’s Bazaar and glowing billboards in Times Square in New York. They pull no punches and are shameless in their presentation of the damage sun wrecks on the skin, from both a beauty and a health perspective.
Have a skin check
An annual skin check is as vital as your eye test or a regular trip to the dentist. It involves every inch of your body so do you dare to bare? Melanoma can strike in areas not even exposed to the sun. Anything suspect or unusual will form the subject of a biopsy, commonly performed there and then with little pain or discomfort. A tiny sample gathered and sent to the laboratory for analysis. This is such an easy and simple way to stay safe from melanoma.
Article References:
- https://blog.skincancer.org/2017/10/27/dangerous-melanoma-matter-timing/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swollen-lymph-nodes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353902
- https://www.skincancer.org/prevention/skin-cancer-and-skin-of-color
- https://www.skincancer.org/healthy-lifestyle/go-with-your-own-glow
- https://www.skincancer.org/healthy-lifestyle/go-with-your-own-glow/glow-video-ads
- https://blog.skincancer.org/2016/11/28/annual-skin-exam/
[post_title] => How Fast Does Melanoma Spread on any part of your Body?
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[post_content] => Spitzoid melanoma is the Scarlet Pimpernel of the melanoma tribe. It is elusive and histologically appears indistinguishable to benign skin lesions - Spitz Naevus, Haemangioma or Basal Cell Carcinoma. First catalogued in 1910 by Darrier and Civatte, they acquired their current name when Sophie Spitz, an American pathologist, captured their defining criteria in 1948. Spitzoid melanoma does not conform to the ABCD guide which medics use for regular melanoma – Asymmetry - it is often uniform, Border irregularity – they can be smooth and round – Colour variation and Diameter. They are tricky to identify and often erroneously labelled or missed altogether.
What is the difference between Spitzoid Melanoma and Spitz Nevus?
Spitz Nevus is non-cancerous skin growth. Advances in histology and interpretative techniques have demonstrated these are harmless. They are most commonly seen in children and young people aged below twenty years. Spitz Nevus or the plural, Nevi, are also termed, Spitz moles, and are characterised by their rapid growth.
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They may be tiny in diameter or alternatively large, reaching several centimetres. Classically, they feature a dome shape and may demonstrate traditional red/brown or reddish/pink colouration but they can buck the trend and be transparent. The critical issue is the accurate establishment of the type of Spitz mark and this requires expert evaluation by a dermatologist.
What is the diagnostic protocol for a Spitzoid Melanoma?
Diagnostically, a Spitzoid melanoma is analysed by biopsy as standard protocol, the challenge arising when the clinician attempts to differentiate the histology and cytology from non-malignant spitzoid or other unoffending blemishes. Generally, spitzoid melanoma presents as a nodule or papule, either de novo – medically meaning new – or emerging from a current Spitz Nevus, also described as Naevus. Shading varies, if pigmented they can be dark brown, blue or black or pale, nearly transparent and colourless. Advanced presentations can be ulcerated or crusty. Here are some pictures to aid identification. Don’t fall into the trap of using the internet as a doctor. Any lump, lesion or alteration on your skin needs prompt clinical attention and appropriate referral to a skin specialist if remotely suspicious or unidentifiable.
Is Spitzoid melanoma more common in children?
Branded as paediatric or juvenile occurrences, Spitzoid melanoma is the commonest type of skin cancer in children. Appearances can be deceptive, however. Spitzoid melanoma is not increasing statistically although that might seem the obvious conclusion. Rather, scrutiny is more focused in recent years on identification and accurate diagnosis in the youth. Successful referrals suggest higher numbers but children have in fact been somewhat overlooked with previously, the focus almost exclusively on adults. However, significantly rising numbers in young teens are undoubtedly coming to light attributable to tanning bed usage. This has led to 42 American states either restricting adolescent tanning services or banning them in their entirety. The Skin Cancer Foundation’s research has concluded that use of a tanning bed or cubicle before the age of 35 increases the possibility of contracting melanoma by an enormous 75%! That is a higher risk than the correlation between lung cancer and smoking cigarettes. With spray tans now so sophisticated – forget the caked on orange gunk of yesteryear, a colour that made you look more like a space alien than an attractive human – it begs the question why anyone would play Russian Roulette with their lives for the sake of perceived beauty.
The good news about Spitzoid melanoma in children is that they are highly curable. Treatment is virtually identical to that offered to adults with the same condition.
Spitzoid melanoma in adults
Unlike other skin melanomas which tend to affect older people with a lifetime’s exposure to the sun’s harmful rays, spitzoid melanoma is less likely to occur as age increases. The prescribed treatment for spitzoid melanoma in adults is the same as for other melanomas – surgery to remove the melanoma plus a margin of healthy tissue and regular monitoring for recurrence.
What is the prognosis for someone with a Spitzoid Melanoma?
Scientific data on the longevity of outcomes and mortality rate is poor because this is not a commonly diagnosed disease. Studies can only sample fairly low numbers and produced mixed results. Some have suggested that spitzoid melanoma are less aggressive than conventional skin melanomas whereas have maintained the contrary.
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Add to this a general lack of recognition amongst diagnosing doctors and a lack of industry-wide evaluation tools and it is evident just how hard it is to capture meaningful data about numbers of diagnoses and subsequent conclusions. As an average, it would seem, however, that survival figures at ten years’ post-operation are nearly 100%.
How to avoid Spitzoid Melanoma?
As with all skin melanomas, stay out of the sun. Shade is the biggest determinant factor in avoiding any skin cancer. There is a lot of misinformation out there in the public domain particularly surrounding Vitamin D. Vitamin D is an essential component for vibrant health, produced in the human body by the action of sunlight on the skin. It is a fallacy and laughably counterintuitive to state however that high levels of Vitamin D, ironically gained by overexposure to sunlight, will boost your natural defences against melanoma. In much the same way, the response to egg plant or aubergines topically curing melanomas should be guarded. Time is of the essence with undiagnosed skin complaints and proper medical confirmation and action are critical before alternative options can be pursued.
Article References:
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/1814821
- https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/spitzoid-melanoma/
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320805.php
- https://www.fitnessmagazine.com/health/conditions/ban-tanning-beds/
- https://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/how-do-i-get-the-vitamin-d-my-body-needs/#.XNMk4jBKjIU
- https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/12/10/vitamin-d-exposure-possible-natural-cure-for-skin-cancers.aspx
[post_title] => Spitzoid Melanoma in Children and Adults: Prognosis, Symptoms
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[post_content] => The perceived wisdom when it comes to melanomas is to medically check or refer any new mole or pre-existing mole which changes in appearance. The word, ‘melanoma’, actually means, ‘malignant mole’. Moles are usually brown or black but not every melanoma is that colour or a variant hence the reason to seek a professional analysis of a new raised area of skin or blemish or lesion that does not seemingly have an obvious underlying cause i.e. a wound, bite, sting, bruise or just good old-fashioned spots. Potentially troublesome moles may exhibit a purplish/blue hue but this is not the only shade of melanoma.
Can melanomas be red in colour?
One of the mechanisms used for non-qualified people to spot a mole that is different is the ‘ugly duckling’ principle. Most people’s moles are consistent for their body so a similar tone and shape which may differ from the next person’s. A mole that stands out as different requires investigation. It may vary from your usual colour, the shape may seem unusual and it may lack symmetry, so –odd-shaped.
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Melanomas can be red and are described as amelanotic melanomas. Usually not deriving from moles and absent melanin, therefore, they can be easily mistaken for something harmless. They are commonly misdiagnosed as they remain challenging to identify even for an experienced clinician. They appear as a new presentation on the skin or an existing one which is undergoing a transformative process.
How difficult is it to detect a pink melanoma?
For those with fair skin, a light pink melanoma will hardly register, surely just a variation in skin tone. They may be noticeable as new arrivals but hardly present as a cause for concern. Read this online account by West Australian nurse, Amanda Whittle. Fortunately, her pink melanoma was spotted and treated. Australians put the rest of the world to shame when it comes to vigilance over melanomas. A largely fair-skinned population in a climate defined by glorious weather, they have regular skin inspections. It is compulsory for school children to wear sunhats and carry sunscreen and beachgoers wear special swimming costumes that actually block out all ultraviolet light, even the adults. Genius!
Do Lentigines have any connection to white melanomas?
More commonly entitled sunspots, liver spots or age spots, they have no association with the function of internal organs but do have a tendency to appear on older people who have spent a lifetime in the sun for work or leisure purposes. A Lentigo Maligna Melanoma occurs from a pre-existing lentigo, not a mole. These incidences are infrequent, accounting for less than 5% of melanoma cases and have a slow developing propensity. Most prominent on the face or back, in male outdoor workers, they are typically large and flat presenting as either grey or white melanomas.
Melanoma prevention and good sun habits
Like lung cancer and its relationship with smoking, melanoma can be massively reduced in risk or totally eliminated with good regimens, especially important for young children with delicate and vulnerable skin. You don’t have to miss out on the fun in the sun, just follow the tagline or slogan of the American Cancer Society, ‘Slip! Slop! Slap! and Wrap!’ which means, in essence, put on a shirt, lather on some high factor total block, pop a hat on your head and wrap around the sunshades to protect your eyes.
What is binge tanning?
Binge tanning is rather like binge drinking, it indicates excessive amounts of sun. This can arise in one of two ways. Overuse of tanning lamps which produce UV light several times stronger than the sun itself. The other form of abuse is exposing milky, white skin to the heat and force of foreign sunshine without any acclimatisation or protection. This is behind the alarming rise of melanoma diagnoses in the UK, noted for its grey, overcast skies and cloud cover. Currently, one woman in her twenties is being diagnosed every day. In the United Kingdom, it is the most common cancer in women under 30, overtaking both breast and cervical cancer according to Cancer Research.
Melanomas can be internal too
The greatest percentage of melanomas arises externally, visible on the skin. If they spread or metastasize, they may reach internal organs. More rarely, melanoma can develop internally without first indicating its existence on the skin.
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Ocular melanoma is one such illustration, affecting structures within the eyes, which also contain pigment and those pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. Internal melanoma can also grow in the mucous membranes so the nose, sinuses, mouth, anus or vagina, so-called, Mucosal Melanoma. Make no mistake, ocular melanoma is rare, with a hit rate of five cases per one million head of population. Similarly, melanoma in the mucous membranes represents only 1% overall of all melanoma diagnoses but location and rarity deem a grave and guarded outlook when they are identified as they are often late stage.
Should a very small melanoma be taken seriously?
Melanoma does not have the reputation it deserves. It is an aggressive and deadly cancer with an almost innocuous presence belying the potential gravity of the situation. A small melanoma can hide its depth and extent beneath the skin, always get them inspected by a doctor.
Article References:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4465919/
- https://www.melanoma.org.au/understanding-melanoma/support-patient-stories/patient-blogs/not-every-melanoma-is-black/
- https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/about-melanoma/types-of-melanoma/
- https://www.cancer.org/cancer/skin-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/uv-protection.html
- https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/melanoma-skin-cancer?_ga=2.179014189.826759.1557175124-1289709120.1557175124
- https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma
- https://melanoma.org/mucosal-melanoma-2/
- https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/ocular-melanoma/
[post_title] => Different Forms of Melanoma: Red, Small, Black, Internal, White, Pink, Spots
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[post_content] => Cancer is not new, but diagnostic advances have led us to decipher once mystery deaths. Paleopathologists (experts who study ancient pathologies) found evidence of cancer through examination for fourth century bones and skulls.
A history of melanoma
Mummies are preserved well enough that they can be examined for a cause of death, offering even further evidence. In fact, Hippocrates had written descriptions of the disease back in the late 400s to 300s BC. Other physicians followed in suit across the centuries including Rufus of Ephesus (60- 120 AD). It wasn’t until the 1800s when great strides actually could be defined as progress rather than merely observing and jotting down the observation. In 1806, an unpublished medical paper in Paris described la melanose. Dr. William Norris made progress in the field working with autopsies and offered a genetic insight in 1820 and by the end of the century.
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Even before the convention of inheritance and genes was published, he remarked how odd it is was that the father and son had both contracted this strange illness. Surgeons such as Samuel Cooper commented on the importance of early diagnosis and removal to survive. Primitive versions of the modern surgery we know had been executed. As time went on they became more complex, safe, and familiar. The Victorian era had brought forth countless discoveries being at the forefront of the revolution of molecular research. The research had laid a proper foundation for modern medicine to build off. By the 1900s, proper experiments looking at inheritability in mice took form. Data identifying specific mutations revolutionized the field of oncology among others in biological science.
What are symptoms of foot melanoma
First described in by Jean Cruveilhier when he published Anatomie Pathologique du Corps Humain (1829 to 1842), symptoms of melanoma of the foot, hand, and vulva are rather similar. As it’s the result of dysfunction among pigment cells, it's not surprising color often undergoes a noticeable change in areas impacted. Darker colored blotches that are elevated and oblong are common, however, exceptions can be had where markings lack a dark shade or bump. In early stages, the possibly irregular, raised, the colored blemish will not be painful. As time goes on, bleeding, laceration, and spread to vital organs may occur causing a different set of signs associated with the later staged.
Types of melanoma that develop on the hand
There are countless different melanomas which can develop on the hand. Most commonly they will fit into the following four classifications. Superficial spreading melanoma is the most prevalent. It grows outward and spreads across the skin, normally starting at the trunk, or central, part of the body. Most common on the back of men and legs of women. Nodular melanoma is the second most common. Spreads faster in comparison and spreads deep into the skin. It starts as polypoids and may grow to the shape of a mushroom with a stem or stalk (pedunculated). Can be found with no sun exposure. Lentigo maligna melanoma is common in elderly populations and makes up a tenth of all melanoma skin cancers. Starts to grow across for years before it grows down and appears in brown, uneven blotches. Finally, acral lentiginous melanoma is more common with darker skinned people as opposed to pale. These are very common on the palms of hands. Diagnoses are not limited to this list and rarer cancers exist.
Are these different from melanoma on a leg
Melanoma is rather similar between cases. Although something can be said about the quality of uniqueness when melanomas don’t demonstrate a relation to sunburns (such as with cancers under nails or developing within mucous membranes). Still, whether skin melanoma is on the leg or back, it’s going to be the same thing. Rapidly dividing melanocytes which develop tumors and eventually spread. Of course, there are nonmelanoma tumors which are benign and nothing to worry about, but this is something that should be cleared with your doctor. Even when images online are uploaded from reliable sources, these pictures are not an official diagnostic tool to someone with no background in oncology or medicine.
Does melanoma on arm or other appendage mean amputation?
When caught early enough, the initial tumor being removed may yield successful results. Even if one has several spots of melanoma on the arm, legs, or other extremities, they set the priority on saving it. In some cases of exceptional advancement of the disease, amputations may be the only option.
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This will likely not be the initial step. As one approaches losing their battle to the disease, it’s often spread beyond the appendage and cutting it off would just be ineffective.
Causes and prevention of melanoma
Melanoma is caused by a number of factors such as genes and fairness of skin. This is not really something you can control, but rather, be aware that your personal DNA raises your susceptibility to the disease and avoid additional environmental triggers. These outside instigators can be prevented in most cases. Tanning and excessive sun exposure can do this due to the carcinogenic effects of UV radiation. Wear sunblock or appropriate clothes in order to limit damage to your skin. Also, keep in mind, it is a very rare disease. You shouldn’t freak out if you get burned or end up with freckle spots.
Celebrities with melanoma
Don’t feel ashamed of your disease, there are many people affected by melanoma. You’d be surprised to know what famous stars also suffer from the disease.
Hugh Jackman: Known for his portrayal of Wolverine for Marvel and lead in the Greatest Showman Musical, he’s very open about his struggles with the disease and advocates awareness and sunblock!
Khloe Kardashian: The reality star from Keeping up with the Kardashians made the confession when appearing in Hollywood Medium.
Diane Keaton: the American actress, producer, author, and real estate guru has held a lot of titles. Among less glamourous hats, she's also a skin cancer survivor who advocates for sunscreen.
Article References:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303163/
- https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/skin-melanoma/melanoma/types-of-melanoma/?region=on
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4934499/
- https://www.webmd.com/melanoma-skin-cancer/guide/skin-cancer
- https://www.health.com/skin-cancer/hugh-jackman-skin-cancer-celebrities?slide=468249#468249
[post_title] => Melanoma on Hand, Arm, Leg, Foot: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
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[post_content] => Unlike what pornography or poorly drawn pictures health texts may portray, most breasts are not entirely smooth. While you should be aware of irregular lumps that form within the breast tissues, small bumps are near areolas are healthy and should be present to assist with function.
Spots on breasts
The tiny little bump on your areola is actually an areolar gland or glands of the montgomery. Their discoverer, doctor W. fetherstone Montgomery, was an obstetrician (physician who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth) who described them first in 1831. A woman has an average of 28, but that number varies a tad. They may vary a bit in color and size, but serve an important purpose for your breast health.
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There’s from the class of sebaceous gland, and they make oily tad of lipoid oil. They do this to keep your nipple protected and lubricated. There is even evidence that they may serve additional purposes to stimulate nursing in a newborn and increasing appetite. Beyond this, they can swell (which isn’t normal unless you nurse), or the bumps can be an allergic reaction or acne. If you are breastfeeding, you may have milk blisters or milk blebs.
These are filled blemishes for breastmilk getting trapped in skin ducts. excessive lactation, thrush infection, or a baby improperly (or aggressively) latching may be to blame. If you are worried, you can always talk to your doctor. Sometimes, these may be tumors. It is important to familiarize yourself with your personal anatomy so you can identify changes. There's a weird and unjustified taboo with learning your body. If it helps, remember a boob is not just for sexual satisfaction. There is nothing to be ashamed of.
Symptoms of melanoma on breast
Melanoma can manifest on the breast in one of two ways. First, it can be primary cutaneous where it’s a literal spot on the outer skin. Symptoms of this would be an irregular spot, possibly darkened with an uneven border. secondary tumors are also a possibility when metastasis occurs and it spreads from another location. These malignant mammary tumors can cause other physical symptoms such as tenderness and swelling. metastases also mean other regions were affected and suggest you may expect more symptoms from the origin of the malignancy and other organs or parts affected.
Breast cancer
We own pink ribbons or the festive merchandise to raise funds for this cancer foundation. While it shares no relation to melanoma, it's an important ailment to be aware of. The amount of fundraising and awareness raised the foundations to have done has lead to observable changes in outcome and education.
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If more cancers had this level of rallying behind it, it would be wonderful to see the leaps we could accomplish.
The science of staging cancers
When you stage cancer, you are taking a number of different factors into account that impacts your treatability and prognosis. If the diseases are localized and have failed to spread, a stage one would make sense, however, when it spreads to other regions it becomes harder to control and treat, making it difficult to survive and earning a later stage. An oncologist will work together with pathologists to exam your results based on tumor size and estimation of spread in order to assign you a stage to give you an idea of your situation.
What are the signs melanoma spread in the lungs or other vital organs?
When your melanoma has spread to the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys, or liver, it can be deadly. These are basic organs you need to survive and when their function is disrupted, it can be deadly. imagine if a mass in your heart impacted its ability to pump blood or your liver was no longer able to filter out toxins. Even associated treatments can damage them. If you have cancer and begin to experience a fever, shortness of breath, dark urine, yellowed tint (jaundice), pale stools, bruising, nausea, loss of desire to eat, or sped up or slowed down heartbeat, contact a hospital. Any irregularities in behavior would be reported right away.
Why is melanoma in lymph nodes so bad?
This organ plays an important role in how cancer will be staged. Some cancers cause lymph nodes to enlarge, or melanoma in lymph nodes is often due to spreading from another location.
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During the classification process of staging, there is a specific section designated to the extent at which cancer has spread here. Their chief job is filtering harmful substances.
Detecting melanoma on your back
Seeing melanoma on your face or breasts requires a little self awareness. A quick look in the mirror or a little check will let you see a spot or blotch out of place. However, melanoma on your back or another region outside of easy observation can be hard. Without reason for concern, why trouble yourself and look with the inconvenience? It’s good to conduct a moles sweep. If you have a predisposition for skin cancers, this importance must be stressed. You can do this by using multiple mirrors, help for a partner, or taking photos and looking at the images after.
Article References:
- https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321013.php
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514482/
- https://www.cancercenter.com/lymph-nodes
- https://curesearch.org/Kidney-Health-Summary
[post_title] => Melanoma in Lungs, on Breast, in Lymph Nodes, on Back: Symptoms, Treatments
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[post_content] => UV (ultraviolet) rays can penetrate deep beyond hair follicles. Have a luscious mane may protect you from sun damage, but it doesn’t prevent it. Getting melanoma on your head under a full coat of hair is possible. Detection is difficult as most of the skin is not readily visible.
How does one notice melanoma on head under hair?
While shaving is the only sure wait to obtain views of all dimensions of melanoma on the scalp, other signs may be present. Balding or losing patches of hair both with the absence and presence of itching, redness, and scratching may be something to worry about. If you feel a soft bump on your head or recognize abnormal bleeding when properly brushing, combing, or buzzing your hairdo, this can also be an indication.
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Melanoma is rare and a function of age. While you can certainly discuss the possibilities with your doctor, it is not the most likely diagnosis. Allergic reactions to shampoo, hairspray, or mousse may be to blame. Getting sunburnt on your head will also irritate the scalp for some time and make it delicate and tender. Damages from exposure to the sun will increase your chances of melanoma in general. If you are characterized by risk factors such as fair skin, Celtic ancestor, familial incidence, or covered in moles, you may have more reason for concern.
Treating melanoma on the scalp
Like any other cancer, this one is first treated via removal options. They are not entirely invasive and can often be performed in an outpatient setting with no unconsciousness. Local anesthetics are used so you don’t feel pain, and the surgeon will surgically remove the suspicious tissue as well as a small graph of skin surrounding it. After analysis, lab technicians can help the doctor determine the severity of your case as well as investigate other regions to monitor spreading. The operation may require you to shave to operate efficiently. Radiation or chemotherapy are more extreme, but possible options.
What’s special about the skin on the lips?
Lips are culturally a very important body part. They are a mark of beauty and help us pronounce our languages and kiss out loved once. They are also unique, which gives them a distinct appearance. Anatomically, all skin has three layers. The stratum corneum is the protective coating, the epidermis is the outer layer, and dermis is beneath that. With lips, that coat of protection is far thinner. They also lack sebaceous glands, meaning that they don’t moisturize on their own. Instead, like a gecko who licks his eyeballs wet, saliva is their source of moisture. This is why your lips become easily chapped where your other skin doesn’t. They also lack any hair follicles (like the soles of feet and palms of hands). They also have fewer melanocytes, meaning that there is limited sun protection. The shortage of pigment also gives them their red and pink colors as they are unable to mask the colors of the blood vessels. Because they aren’t completely devoid, there is room for melanoma development and sometimes spotting.
Is melanoma on the lip similar to scalp?
Melanoma is general is similar to itself. It’s categorized by similar features and physiological properties. Due to the different natures of the locations of infection, manifestation of symptoms is slightly different. Lack of hair growth would mean that you cant rely upon of that symptom for diagnosis. If you look at pictures online, you will also notice that diseases of the lips bare a striking resemblance to canker sores or blemishes. Misdiagnosis is common.
What happens when melanoma spreads to the brain?
Melanoma in the brain is essentially what occurs in the final stages. The brain is a vital organ and it is literally impossible for you to function without it. There are no transplants or artificial creations. While you can recover from damage to certain areas of the brain regions, this is normally the point where you are in your final steps of life. There are some experimental medications.
Basic overview of neuroanatomy
The four lobes of the brain are separated due to physiological structures of lobes and sulci and also function. The occipital lobe is generally responsible for your vision. Temporal lobes are responsible for language comprehension, memories, emotions, and some sensory processing. Parietal lobe is home to the somatosensory cortex responsible for the mind to process touch, pain, and temperatures in addition to aiding with spatial awareness, and proprioception (navigation). Finally, the frontal lobes are responsible for executive functions. These would be things like consciousness, volunteer movement, planning, attention, reward, and motivation.
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The functions they’re known for are not exclusively responsible (meaning that lesioning areas outside of the occipital lobe can still cause sight impairments, for example). We have much to map. Damage to any parts of the brain is often manifested in changes in mood or behavior. Some people like the famous Phineas P. Gage can survive devastating injuries will change like this. He had an iron rod driven into his skull. Brain images showed most of the front part was destroyed. Following his miraculous recovery, they reported just changes in behaviors and personality where he became more violent and crass. More serious consequences can occur if certain areas are damaged. Medulla, the structure that directs your heartbeat and breathing, is necessary for life.
Treatment options once spreading occurs
Once vital organs are affected, it is the doctor and patients call to continue with treatment. At this point, radical therapies will be instituted but be warned the prognosis is not great. Unfortunately, at these final stages it may be worth living your life to the best quality rather than trying to extend quantity for the sake of a few days filled with harsh side effects.
Article References:
- https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/melanoma-skin-cancer/
- https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/sunburn
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5710424/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470204512700906
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1114479/
[post_title] => Melanoma on Head, Scalp, Lip and in the Brain: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
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[post_content] => There are many different types of melanoma on the face. While symptoms are similar, they are not identical and equal. Many believe that it’s an oblong mark on the skin due to tanning irresponsibly. While this may be the cause of skin melanomas, it’s crucial to remember it’s not the only type. There are pigment cells all over, meaning they all have the potential to malfunction and turn into cancer.
Melanoma on the face
Beyond that, they can spread to other regions of the body besides your skin, causing disruption to cell function especially when they hit the vital organs. Being aware of the different types of cancer you can have a susceptibility to is important. Abnormal moles that appear to be getting larger would be a more common thing to expect.
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Facial melanomas can get more internal. Treatments of tumor removal and chemotherapy are typical for all types of melanoma cancer. Catching the early warning signs and getting prompt treatment is ideal, but sometimes hard.
Melanoma in mouth
Males from Japan are more likely to get melanoma in the mouth. The oral variety has a relatively low expectation of survival with only about 5 to 25 percent of individuals surviving the five year mark. Often confused with other issues with pigmentations, the disease is rather silent until only in the later stages. Discoloration with the gums is common and erythema is observed when lesions swell. The tongue and buccal mucosa are also affected in some cases.
Other possible diagnoses
This cancer is rare and there are other diseases which may be considered. Addison disease, Ephelides, Kaposi Sarcoma, Amalgam or Graphite tattoos, oral melanotic macule, Peutz Jeghers syndrome, and physiologic pigmentation are all possible culprits. Be sure, to be honest with your doctor about your brushing and flossing habits to provide adequate information for the treatment you need. Honesty is important, even if that means admitting to your doctor your hygienic habits aren’t what’s recommended. It can also save you a painful, invasive procedure or a cancer scare when something can be easily done.
Melanoma on the ear canal
Making up as much as 4% of all melanomas of the skin, melanoma on ear canals are pretty rare. They exhibit themselves as swelling and bleeding on the external auditory system. Although they are defined as externally located, you make need to take a peek at the hole in your ear. Other external ear cancers include squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Both are a more likely diagnosis.
Nose melanoma
Melanoma on the nose is often cutaneous in nature. The real danger comes when nasal passageways (or cavities) get affected. Swelling of the nose and nostrils in addition to unexplained nosebleeds are the indicators of this disease. The rapid increase in the size of tumors is also a clear indication something is wrong. However, it’s difficult to view inside the nose without taking pictures using imaging techniques at a physician.
Melanoma of the eye
Melanoma in the eye will sometimes appear as darkened irises, but the obvious spots are not always observable. Tumors may appear anywhere else in there eye where pigments exist, and this can be towards the back and only visible when examined through a dilated pupil. If you notice any disruptions with your visions, tumors may be at fault. They spread quickly and go unnoticed due to the obscure location so visit your eye doctor if you have blurred vision.
Is sunshine to blame?
While not taking proper care to apply the appropriate SPF sunscreen religiously isn’t a death sentence, there’s extensive literature condemning the habits of those sun bunnies who purposely get burned or persistently expose themselves to UV rays to achieve a sun kissed look. Not all melanomas share a link with the sun, but many do. Why would people knowingly engage in a hazardous habit? This certainly wouldn’t be the first time humanity has taken drastic measures to achieve an idealistic appearance. In the 19th centuries, people in modern day Austria and Slovenia used to ingest arsenic. Eyedrops out of belladonna (poison nightshade) and lead makeup powder were also normal practice for our not so distant ancestors.
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There are tons of practices we would have judges that our grandparents or parents were alive to see. Chinese tradition lead to foot binding for centuries, damaging toes and impeding the walking starting in toddlerhood. Only recently has China put a ban on it following the Communist Revolution in 1949. In the early 1900s, women used to swallow parasitic tapeworms to control their body weight without having to limit their food intake or change their diets. Radioactive creams were a huge hype in the 1930s before researchers had any real idea of the severe consequences. Thoradia, founded by Alfred Curie, where they designed French cosmetics featuring fun ingredients like thorium chloride and radium bromide.
We look back and laugh at some those these things our uneducated and unaware forefathers committed. Still, we are doing the same thing when we leather our skins in a tanning bed to get a darker complexion. It’s not the only hobbies we have that can hurt us. Even nowadays, you see people going to extremes to achieve unrealistic figures through surgery, eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia), or compulsive exercising despite the obvious impact it has on their wellbeing. We do this even knowing it is dangerous, and this is something you should consider. What lengths will you go to be pretty?
Article References:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3283947/
- https://oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/rare/oral-malignant-melanoma/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190723/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717799/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5228487/
[post_title] => Melanoma in Mouth (oral), Ear, Nose, Eye, Retinal, Face: Symptoms, Treatment
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[post_content] => What is melanoma cancer?
Melanoma cancer refers to the disease where the melanocytes (pigment cells) begin to divide uncontrollably. This causes tumors of these cells to form. There are four main types which are categorized differently depending on the location, severity, and symptoms. In addition to changes in how they manifest, prognoses are also highly variable.
What are the symptoms of melanoma cancer?
While this may slightly change depending on the differences of the cancer types, there are some symptoms of melanoma cancer that can act as warnings something is off. Tumors form, as with any other cancer. When it’s the pigment cells malfunctioning, these tumors can look like a mole or freckle. While a highly freckled person may find it difficult to differentiate between a benign and dangerous beauty mark. First, check for symmetry. Unlike most moles, these are not the same on both sides.
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Although not all marked that can’t be perfectly mirrored are cause for alarm, it is something to look out for. Secondly, is it growing or appearing out of nowhere? Freckle development can be harmless, but if you have a growing mass this can indicate a problem. A doctor may want to monitor it for a bit before taking any harsh measures. You can always refer to pictures online for guidance. Remember, it can be any color and expert observation is needed for a proper diagnosis.
Where can I get melanoma?
We have this conception about melanoma as moles all over the body. A surprise little spot on your butt or a surprisingly freckly shoulder that wasn’t there the summer before. We remember it’s the reason we wear sunscreen and it’s bad to let your skin burn. While these all have foundations in the truth and empirical evidence, there are no limitations to areas which can be afflicted with melanoma. While discoloration may still be a clue, regions of the body you might not expect to be affected. Melanoma eye cancer is a rare but possible location for the attack. Additionally, spreading is a lethal and common component to melanoma. This doesn’t necessarily mean that freckles will flood your body, but organs can be affected. When cancer spreads to a vital organ like the heart, brain, or kidneys, cancer will soon be fatal. It’s not always as easy removing a blemish -or even an entire appendage. Researchers have spent a lot of finances and time investigating them as it is this spread that kills. It is also the part which is taken into account when staging is assigned. Spread to the lymph nodes are specifically taken into consideration with this.
What stages does melanoma skin cancer go through when spreading
A journal in Nature Cell Biology (Melanoma miRNA trafficking controls tumor primary niche formation) monitored activities of cancerous cells undergoing processes of the progression of cancer. The scientists found that before they spread, a tumor expels tiny vesicles holding molecules of microRNA. A vesicle means a lot of things in science. To a geologist -a cavity in volcanic rock resulting from gas bubbles. Botanists thing of sacks filled with air in an algea like seaweed. For anatomy, it’s vacuoles in the body. They something akin to a package for cells and vital for communication. Some healthy cells use them to transmit action potentials by sending packages of neurotransmitters or other chemicals to each other. Just like a neuron can cause an adjacent cell to spike through some serotonin, dopamine, or oxytocin, these bundles of genetic information cause morphological changes in cells on the receiving end. It's like mailing a parcel with a a new game play or requests to let a sick friend crash on the couch who perpetually makes clones and crowds your apartment. Changes in the dermis occur that prepare for the transportation and arrival of cancer cells in other parts of the body. This better understanding has also offered a new approach for oncology to fight cancer. The team also found certain substances that seem to block the process which offers a promising candidate for a cancer drug.
Will fake tanning give me melanoma skin cancer?
While a trip to the salon won’t guarantee an immediate diagnosis, exposing yourself unprotected to UV rays from these beds is a problem. The exposure is thought to be to blame for the formation of most types of melanoma. While there are some exceptions to these credentials, it’s a good rule of thumb to avoid it at all costs. Always wear protection, especially if you are a fair Caucasian.
Why is race a factor?
These factors are presently mostly due to skin color. While there are no ethnicities which carry immunity from melanoma cancer, white people are the most at risk. Correlation between skin tones and races exist (and are the entire basis of the concept), and these differences in complexions are where the vulnerability lies.
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Pale skin is more likely to get burnt. These burns are a prime risk factor. Beyond that, there appears to be a genetic link, and hereditary is also a large component of your racial identity.
How does melanoma compare to other cancers?
The underlying physiological mechanisms are similar to any other cancer. Whether you have lung cancer or colon cancer, it is caused by the rapid division of cells causing a malignant tumor formation. It is not as prevalent as breast cancer or as deadly as blood cancer overall. Still, any type of cancer is nothing to scoff at. The treatment options are relatively similar, using radiation, chemo, or surgery. The signs you might expect will vary depending on which cells are infected.
Article References:
- https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/melanoma-warning-signs-and-images
- https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/what-is-melanoma.html
- https://journals.lww.com/oncology-times/Fulltext/2016/09100/How_Does_Melanoma_Spread_to_Other_Organs_in_the.7.aspx
- https://www.aad.org/media/stats/prevention-and-care
- https://www.cancer.gov/types/common-cancers
[post_title] => What is Melanoma Skin Cancer: Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Stages, Treatments
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[post_content] => Like other cancer, the melanoma treatment options are a bit limited. The best treatment for an early diagnosis is a removal of the infected region and an inch or so of the perimeter. When caught initially, it is effective and relatively safe. However, when the spot is too large or is spreading to other regions, chemotherapy or radiation drugs come into play.
What are the melanoma treatment options?
These attack all cells with the properties of being cancerous. Weirdly, these are also the processes of healthy cells. This is why you see balding or epidermal damage.
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There are wigs you can get, additional medications, and creams for skin which may be able to alleviate symptoms. When it attacks a vital area which is inoperable, we don’t currently have the advancements to combat that.
Is there a natural treatment for melanoma?
There is no natural treatment for melanoma or any other type of cancer. Tricks and hacks can u add a little comfort to your life, but nothing that will make it go away. When your doctor offers their advice, take it. Refer to the comments of a trained professional over something you read online. The best treatments aren’t fun, but oncology knows best.
Melanoma treatment guidelines
You can’t just whip something up and call it a cure. Melanoma treatment guidelines are similar to other diseases and disorders where they must fall in line with FDA regulations. This means extensive experimentation in a predetermined process under strict outlines directed by the government and other administrated organizations which govern medical health. This process involves sufficient archival data, lab experiments, animal models, and multiple clinical trials until they make it to the general public.
Experimental treatments
Some of the top treatments are associated with a lot of unwanted side effects. New treatments are being experimented with every day in the hopes for a brighter future. Just a few decades ago gene therapy seemed a thing of science fiction, and yet, clinical trials are being implemented. New things such as stem cells and fancy pills are making it to the market.
The scandal in homeopathy
Cancer is scary and the therapies and treatments are not a walk in the park. It’s a difficult battle that doesn’t guarantee a thing. There are some people or companies that take advantage (or offer uneducated medical advice) spreading lies about potential homeopathic remedies that are simple, effective, and cheap. There are no superfoods or essential essences that will kill cancer. No special position or miracle clinic with a known solution. A founder may have good intentions or drew unrealistic conclusions from a personal anecdote, but these should never be taken seriously. While it can’t hurt to try out eating pomegranates or taking salt baths, refusing life changing treatments for these is dangerous and sometimes lethal. Don’t get your hopes up or push the propaganda on others with a diagnosis.
Can natural things help?
While changing your diet or engaging in yoga won’t make your cancer disappear, it can help alleviate some of the symptoms and give a morale boost when you need it most. A diagnosis of cancer doesn’t mean you stop living and you should live your life to the fullest. Certain unhealthy lifestyle habits will impact your journey to recovery (or life) and should be changed or avoided. Tobacco, especially from cigars or cigarettes, can be irritating your body and pushing that clock forward. Refusing to exercise or lounging about antisocially all day can negatively impact your state of mind. Cancer is a hard battle, and you should be aware of your limits and not push them. If you're avoiding social contact or no motivation, talking to a psychologist or psychiatrist can help. It’s astounding what cognitive behavioral therapy can do. Even if you have been given a date and feel hopeless, take this opportunity to enjoy your life to the fullest. Having your body in shape may stretch your time a little longer, although again, there are no known cures for cancer.
Can medical marijuana cure cancer?
You might have heard a lot of stuff about legalization and the wonders the miraculous cannabis plant can do. While there’s no solid proof it cures cancer, there is evidence it can assist with the alleviation of symptoms. Especially if you are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, you may be experiencing a lot of associated side effects which are impacting your life.
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Symptoms like never feeling hungry or the inability to intake food without puking are sadly common among patients along with extreme fatigue, pain, and a blow to mental health. It is an excruciating ordeal, and when you are constantly in the hospital or popping pills, you may be tired of turning to medication for relief.
Pot has been shown to reduce the severity of symptoms and enhance the quality of life among cancer patients as well as those suffering from depression, epilepsy, anxiety, arthritis, and other chronic conditions. Side effects are limited and the only issues individuals normally have are those with the justice system. While medical licenses for the controlled substance are not available in every state, more are becoming open to the option of cannabidiol, or CBD. By creating highly concentrated oils of the substance while eliminated tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), you can experience the benefits without that extreme euphoria that you get when smoking your run of the mill street joint. If you aren’t comfortable are capable of smoking, edibles, creams, and tinctures are on the market as well. Always talk to your physician about your options beforehand.
Article References:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65950/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737459/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539276/
- https://www.mskcc.org/blog/truth-behind-three-natural-cures
- https://www.projectcbd.org/cbd-for/cancer
[post_title] => Best Options and Guidelines for Melanoma Treatments
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[post_content] => Like other cancerous diseases, melanoma stages exist to help give an estimation on the prognosis of the disease. High variability with the outcome and prognosis of cancer throughout the progress of the invasion makes it crucial to have this system in place. Think this way. You visit your physician and find out you have melanoma on your arm.
Why are there melanoma stages
There is a lot to say whether or not this is at a point in time where it can be treated by simply removing the freckle and never hearing of it again. Then again, if it spread to a more important organ in the body, there might not be a chance in saving yourself. How do you distinguish between one and the other?
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By assigning stages using as objective measures a possibly by gathering all available information and using interdisciplinary results to offer a cumulative assessment that can be used for explaining the situation to patients and deciding different treatment options that may be effective during this time.
What are the components of staging
The TNM system is the staging criterium usually implemented. It refers to three separate things that are considered that match the letters. Each letter receives a score. T stands for the size of the initial tumor and whether or now the infection has spread beyond the initial mass. If the location of cancerous cells remains in the primary location of initiation, then staging is lower. It’s raised when the lump is enlarged and/ or it’s invaded neighboring tissues. It's rated as Tx, Tis, T0, T1, T2, T3, or T4.
N describes whether the closest lymph nodes were infected. They act as filters for the body and can become swollen in the presence of cancer. It’s rated as Nx, N0, N1, N2, or N3.
Finally, M describes metastasis, whether cancer has traveled to other regions of the body. In the beginning it should be rather contained to the initial site of infection, however, it becomes dangerous when it spreads. It can spread to other nonvital organs like the intestines or esophagus. Vital organs such as the heart, brain, or liver often lead to a terminal conclusion. Its rating is M0 or M1.
This system was developed by Pierre Denoix between 1943 and 1952. Other parameters considered are the grade of cancer cells, the elevation of serum (secreted by tumors), completeness of operation, and modifier for the certainty of the information gathered.
Who is involved in the process
Staging is not assigned by a single person. Unfortunately, it is not a black and white image of where everything is. It’s the result of effort from a group of highly trained individuals that bring their knowledge and expertise together to evaluate all perspectives of the illness. There are two ways cancer is staged. It can be clinical or pathologic. The former is concluded using all information obtained before surgery takes place.
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This includes the physical examination where you feel lumps and note discolor, blood tests (complete blood count (CBC), blood protein testing (with electrophoresis which detects immunoglobulins), tumor marker tests (such as prostate specific antigen (PSA), 125 (CA 125), calcitonin, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chronic gonadotropin (HCG)), and circulating tumor tests), radiologic techniques (X Rays, radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine (like positron emission tomographies), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), biopsies, and endoscopies. The later component is when a pathologist exams the contents of the mass under the microscopic. The time of which these readings are carried out varies between the case and you should listen to what your oncologist recommends as it is thoroughly researched.
Stage 1 melanoma
Beyond the initial 0 stage where it is completely trapped in the surface of the skin and has yet to spread (in situ), stage 1 melanoma is considered a localized tumor.
It’s up to 2mm thick and has not spread to lymphatically or to other regions. Treatments are simpler and you have successfully captured it in the early stage.
Stage 2 melanoma
When ulceration and tumor thickness is enhanced, this is where stage 2 melanoma begins. It hasn’t spread to a nearby node yet and no indication of other affected regions is apparent. Images obtained through noninvasive techniques fail to show anything else needed aside from sectioning or removal of infected tissues.
Stage 3 melanoma
One of the lymph regions are affected, a stage 3 melanoma diagnosis is necessary. There are no present signs it’s traveled beyond to other regions. There is reason to believe it is beginning to dig a little deeper beyond the epidermis into the dermis. Ulcerations are present and more invasive techniques may be needed.
Stage 4 melanoma
The final step is stage 4 melanoma. It’s reserved for those final areas where metastases are happening and the lungs, bone, or abdominal organs are infected. This causes other physiological effects that are more serious than in earlier stages. Distant lymph nodes are reacting to the presence of cancer cells and pictures show that you are in your final moments. At this point, the outlook is bleak and oncologists may recommend to enjoy your final moments on earth and not endure the harsh treatments.
Article References:
- https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/melanoma
- https://www.webmd.com/cancer/cancer-stages#1
- https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-diagnosis/art-20046459
- https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/stages-of-melanoma/
[post_title] => Melanoma Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: Prognoses, Symptoms, Treatments
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[post_content] => Melanoma is a dangerous skin cancer that is generally known for attacking fairer skinned individuals. Not all melanomas have a strong connection with UV exposure, and these may not even be highest in proportion in Caucasian populations.
Dark skinned vulnerability
Acral lentiginous melanoma is one such disease that is more common in darker toned individuals. These can be dangerous due to the notion that it’s impossible to contract skin cancer when you’re dark (not true!). Make sure to regularly visit your physician and seek medical attention quickly as early diagnosis is crucial to beating the disease.
Symptoms of melanoma fingernail
Melanoma has this connotation as a mole or raised freckle, however, this is not the case with fingernail melanoma. It can appear as a dark, vertical line and won’t present any painful lesions or sensitive areas until it progresses.
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Spotting it early on is key, but it can easily be misidentified as something else. It spreads fast and the window where you have to act is rather small.
Being aware of melanoma under the toenail
The fingernails are more apparent to you as you check them more often and are more conscious of injuries that befall them and so on. They are also easier to see in comparison to the nails on your feet. Be careful and cautious to check your toes every once in a while as melanoma under your toenail may be easily hidden by poorly applied nail polish or you may mistake it for being a bruise from slamming it into your nightstand.
Treatments for melanoma on toe or finger
Recommended treatments of melanoma on the toe, finger, or virtually anywhere else will be for you to get it removed. Doctors will prioritize saving your appendage and generally start with simple removal of the blemish when possible. When it spreads or becomes too large, amputations or radiation and chemotherapy may be instituted. Experimental drugs are in clinical trials, but these are the current popular treatments.
Homeopathic melanoma on the finger or other appendages
Unfortunately, there are no natural alternative to cancer treatments. The side effects of treatments are undesirable and awful, but it is a horrible disease. The reality is that any blogs or centers that offer toxic free cures for melanoma on your finger (or anywhere else for that matter) are lies. While they may have the best intentions and truly believe what they’re selling, it’s just not real. Many founders behind these get into trouble with the law, or die when they fail to go through with treatment. They paint these pictures of miracles, but unfortunately, cancer is a complex problem that we have more to learn about. This causes people to gamble their lives when signs all show it won’t work. Instead of relying off forums with images as miraculous progress when they drank their urine or only ate avocados or so, just listen to your trained oncologist.
Issels Treatment
Based on the beliefs of Josef Issels, this homeopathic treatment claimed it helped defeat cancer without harsh side effects or pharmaceutical interventions like chemo. It claims to be nontoxic and helps rebuild and restore the immune system in a personalized manner. They believe that holistic treatments were the way to go. He took in countless desperate patients at his clinic but was charged with fraud and manslaughter as he made fake promises to terminal cases and had at least three deaths under his care as they refused life saving surgery due to his promises.
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Legalities got complicated and as he was found guilty in one charge, it was overturned in the belief he was sincere and not purposing misleading people. Despite legal problems and lack of any sufficient evidence supporting his methods, he leaves his website active and still preaches. Don’t resort to this. The American Cancer Society lists it as a Dubious Treatment as it’s totally ineffective. Without a shred of evidence in the support of this treatment, it poses dangers as it may deter patients to quite effective treatments or give false hope.
The Tragedy of Bob Marley
Robert Nesta Marley, famous Jamaican singer, and songwriter had an untimely death at the ripe at of 36. He’s known for hits like Natural Mystic, War, Redemption Song, and Iron Lion Zion, and Ganja Gun. The reggae pioneering icon tragically lost his four year battle with melanoma in 1981. Stereotypically, you wouldn’t associate someone from Jamaica as one who’d contract melanoma. It began under the toenail, and against doctor’s advice for amputation on the grounds of religious concerns, he opted for a toenail removal and skin graph.
He continued touring and was planning a world tour as no disease could deter him from performing. He tried alternative treatments at a clinic run by Issel in Bavaria but died when it spread to his lungs. While the death of this treasured musician is a devastating reminder that no complexion is immune, he remands a legend in the music industry and will be continued to be remembered more for his work as an artist than unfortunate passing. His last words were spoken to Ziggy, his son, with his final breath of wisdom. Money can’t buy life.
Article References:
- https://www.skincancer.org/prevention/skin-cancer-and-skin-of-color
- https://www.aad.org/media/news-releases/nail-melanoma
- https://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20180726/beauty-queen-learns-yes-fingernail-cancer-is-real
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630257/
- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140820123209.htm
[post_title] => Melanoma Under Toenail, Fingernail, on Toe, on Finger: Symptoms, Treatments
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[post_content] => To start, there are two separate classifications for tumors in the eye. They can be choroidal or conjunctival.
You may feel a familiarity with the latter and the schoolyard disease of conjunctivitis, and with good reason as it refers to the same structure. The conjunctiva is the mucous film that covers the front of the eyes and insides of the eyelids to protect yours. Its comprised of unkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium.
Different types of eye cancer
It’s full of microvessels and offers lubrication and helps with tear production. It also adds a protective coat around the eyeball to prevent pathogens from entering. Cancers of this region include conjunctival Kaposi’s sarcoma, epibulbar dermoid, lymphoma, PAM with atypia, pingueculum, pterygium, and intraepithelial neoplasia of the conjunctiva.
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The choroid (choroidea) refers to a vascular layer of the eye. It’s made of connective tissues from the mesodermal consisting of fibers (elastic or collagenous), ground substance (extracellular, amorphous gel), and cells of the respective type. It lies between the retina and the sclera. They provide oxygen and nourishment to the outer parts of retinas. It helps form the uveal tract in combination with the ciliary body and iris. It has four distinct sections -Hallers layer, Scaattlers layer, choriocapillaris, and Bruchs membrane. Malignant tumor formations of this region are the Choroidal hemangioma, metastasis, nevus, osteoma, melanoma, ciliary body melanoma, and the Nevus of Ota.
Ocular melanoma symptoms
You may question how ocular melanoma (OC) symptoms present themselves as you don’t normally think about a mole growing on your eye. Eyes also do have pigment producing cells. Most form in further regions of the eye you can’t visualize with a peek in the mirror. Equipment beyond basic reflection will be needed. Functional difficulties are more apparent. Sensations of flashing, visualization of floaters, poor or blurry eyesight, or lass of peripheral vision are demonstrations of such dysfunction. Apparent observations which may occur are growing dark spots in irises or a chance of the shape of the pupil.
What causes ocular melanoma?
Hereditary factors are generally prominent in forms of cancer with ocular melanoma being no exception. Aside from that, no known cause has been attributed to the rare cancer. Links have been established between those with light eye colors (blue or green) and Caucasians. Exposure to excessive sunlight and age are also things to consider. Certain inherited skin conditions like dysplastic nevus syndrome (can cause abnormal mole growth). Any condition which involves weird pigmentation, especially surrounding the eyelids, eye, or uvea increases risk of contraction.
Spreading awareness and the ocular melanoma foundation
Education is the key and educating the general population of the risks of certain activities as well as how to spot early signs of cancer can make sure you get the treatment you need and prevent the death toll from increasing. The Ocular Melanoma Foundation dedicates funds and efforts in order to get that information out there and keeping the people informed. They organize fundraisers and encourage research and support advocacy. They run grant awards such as the AACR Ocular Melanoma Foundation Career Development Award in order to finance efforts to beat it. In 2018, this was awarded to Dr. Alison Skalet, MD, Ph.D. or Oregon Health, and Science. She’s exploring whether certain hybrid cells can help predict sever events and replace more invasive therapy techniques. They also are strategic partners with the RCF and NORD.
Ocular melanoma prognosis?
The prognosis for ocular melanoma is rather bleak compared to other, similar cancers of the eye. It’s the most common, but how it spreads throughout the body is what makes it deadly. Metastases occur when the disease spreads beyond the eyes. It can quickly spread to the liver, heart, or other vital organs, making it deadly. This complication is the most dangerous part of most cancers, however, the instance of this occurrence is rather high in OC. Also, like other cancers, your life expectancy has a more optimistic outlook when it’s detected in the earlier stages.
How do you receive a diagnosis?
When you visit ophthalmologists, they will perform special tests on your eyes in order to recognize early. An ophthalmologist can use ophthalmoscopes to lighten and magnify nether regions of the eye for inspection. An ophthalmoscope can be direct or indirect.
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How it diagnosis visual problems is by using magnifying glasses to observe the back of the eye. A slit lamp or gonioscopy lens may also be instruments used during your visit. What is used will depend greatly on your family history as screening may not be initiated in the absence of symptoms or risk factors. Trained professionals are the only individuals able to offer concrete diagnoses. Simply looking at pictures online is not enough for a solid result.
Ocular melanoma treatment options?
The treatments for ocular melanoma will change in aggressiveness depending on the stage and size of the tumor. Enucleation is a radical procedure used if the eye can’t be saved (saving the eye while using effective treatment is the priority). Plaque radiation, Charged particle external beam radiation and gamma knife therapy are often used instead. Resections are another surgical approach that substitutes complete enucleations.
Article References:
- http://www.ocularmelanoma.org/types-of-eye-cancer.htm
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693189/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eye-melanoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372371
- http://www.ocularmelanoma.org/
- https://www.cancer.org/cancer/eye-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/tests.html
[post_title] => Ocular Melanoma - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Foundations, Treatments
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[post_content] => The adjective derives from the word lentigo, the fancy way of referring to a freckle. In botany and zoology, it’s used to describe an organism which is spotted. It can characterize a speckled flower or a patterned snake. In humans, medical terminology specifically, it’s a type of cancer.
What does lentiginous mean?
As you’d expect linguistically, it’s accompanied by visible spots on the skin. Unlike your regular freckled nose or the signature polka dots of a dalmatian or leopard, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is not ordinary not desired. In fact, they’re deadly.
What is acral lentiginous melanoma?
This type of cancer is due to a malfunction in the pigment cells. The same part of your body system that gives you a tan or creates your complexion can stop working properly one day. When this happens, the cells replicate rapidly instead of the regular pace nature designed you to function with. This causes an unnatural expansion which damages tissue and disrupts regular cell activities.
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This is why cancers manifest themselves in masses of tissues like tumors. In benign cases, the dysfunction is highly localized and causes no problems. In cancers, detrimental activities can travel to other regions, making it harder to treat and more lethal. Acral lentiginous melanoma begins superficially spreading spots on the surface of the skin then penetrates into deeper regions. Blemishes are generally blackish or brownish although discoloration may vary between individuals and tones. Reddish, orange and amelanotic spots have also been reported. Demographically, it’s the most common type of melanoma found in African Americans and Asians. It’s the least common in Caucasians.
How do histologists recognize it?
A scientist or doctor specialized in histology will identify cancer concretely. They do this by viewing suspected tissues under a microscope and watch for cancerous activities. Being able to examine and determine the status of atypical activity and separate it from benign lesions requires a high grade of professional skill that cannot be picked up in a youtube tutorial. This is not something one can do at home with purchasing microscopes and performing a DIY removal.
Where will this form?
This form of skin cancer appears on the palms of hands, soles of feet, under a fingernail, under a toenail, and sometimes under the fingers and toes. You’re more likely to find it on a foot than a hand. They can develop either de nova (on seemingly healthy and untouched skin) or within an existing melanocytic naevus (mole or freckle). It’s crucial to monitor changes in pigmentation on your skin and any noticeable differences in preexisting skin conditions. In nail beds, it will appear more often as a stripe than a sport.
What’s the acral lentiginous melanoma prognosis?
The prognosis of lentiginous melanoma will vary between a variety of factors. As with all cancers, survival rates decrease with progression of the stages at which it was initially recognized. A study conducted between 1986 and 2005 investigating patterns and incidence of this rare condition had yielded the following results. It had a survival rate of 80.3 and 67.5 percent for 5 and 10 years respectively. This is less than all cutaneous malignant melanomas overall (91.3 and 87.66%).
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Survival rates were highest in whites who weren’t Hispanic (82.6 and 69.4), intermediate in African Americans (77.2 and 71.5), and lowest in Hispanic whites (72.8 and 5.3) and Asian or Pacific Islanders (70.2 and 54.1). These were compared using statistics tests evaluating statistical significance. These vast differences may be due to other underlying characteristics of the cultural groups due to lifestyles, education, or access to affordable medical care. The high aggression is linked with the fact many don’t recognize it until it’s too late. Misdiagnosis as another ailment is also a chief concern. The high death rate may be a result of delayed treatment.
What causes acral lentiginous melanoma?
There are many things associated with the development of ALM, but certain things make it unique among skin cancers. First, it seems as though sun exposure is not among the causes of acral lentiginous melanoma. Risk factors in genes exist, and family members with the diagnosis of ALM specifically or other types of melanoma mean that you are also more likely to have it. Researchers have yet to pinpoint an exact cause for the malfunction of cells to begin.
Pictures of acral lentiginous melanoma
While images online should not be considered a concrete evaluation, looking at pictures of acral lentiginous melanoma can help you figure out if you need to worry. Expert opinion is always necessary, and even if your WebMD search concludes there’s nothing weird, still visit a doctor just in case. It may be difficult for an amateur eye to see, especially in early stages when it’s most important to catch it for swift diagnosis and treatment. There are no homeopathic treatments which researchers have found effective enough to replace traditional drug therapies and medication. If a doctor recommends a treatment, put a lot of weight in their opinion. They have gone through years of schooling and are a more reliable source than a blogger. If their miracle cure seems too good to be true, it probably is.
Article References:
- https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/types-of-melanoma
- http://oncolex.org/Melanoma/Background/Histology
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707317
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19380664
- https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-risk-factors/melanoma-in-people-of-color/acral-lentiginous-melanoma-alm/
[post_title] => What is Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: Causes, Prognoses, Treatment, Pictures
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[post_date] => 2019-05-17 10:19:51
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[post_content] => The global population is so clued up nowadays on the dangers of excessive exposure to harmful rays of sunshine. Additionally, the environmental lobby has fuelled this with tons of information broadcast in the public domain about the hole in the ozone layer. So, forget tanning parlours and sun beds, so last century, it’s all about covering up with Factor 50 or fake spray tans to achieve that golden glow and honeyed look. Melanoma is a diagnosis most people associate with the skin but what is the actual meaning of melanoma?
Spotting melanoma
Melanoma originates in the skin cells and is therefore frequently visible unlike other forms of cancer which remain invasive and hidden. Melanoma derives its name from melanin, a darkish brown or black pigment present in the skin, hair and eyes in both people and mammals. Melanin controls the skin’s tanning response via Melanocytes, the skin’s pigment cells.
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To create melanoma, there is usually an external trigger, for instance, commonly persistent sunburn or just continuous quantities of UV light. Ethnically, Caucasian people are at greater risk than those with darker skin tones such as people of African or Hispanic heritage.
What is the most likely prognosis of melanoma in situ?
Melanoma originates in the skin cells and is therefore frequently visible unlike other forms of cancer which remain invasive and hidden. Melanoma derives its name from melanin, a darkish brown or black pigment present in the skin, hair and eyes in both people and mammals. Melanin controls the skin’s tanning response via Melanocytes, the skin’s pigment cells. To create melanoma, there is usually an external trigger, for instance, commonly persistent sunburn or just continuous quantities of UV light. Ethnically, Caucasian people are at greater risk than those with darker skin tones such as people of African or Hispanic heritage.
What is the most likely prognosis of melanoma in situ?
Melanoma is a form of cancer which causes death if it spreads or metastasizes to other locations in the body including internal organs. A melanoma discovered in situ, therefore, is routinely awarded the prognosis of malignancy requiring prompt intervention. Malignant melanoma in situ is clinically defined as a thin but spreading patch of melanoma the depth of which is relative to the gravity of the disease. It may be no deeper than the superficial skin layers but characterised by outward spread and increasing in diameter.
How is melanoma detected?
Melanomas are visible so cancer which is potentially identified early. Melanoma may not necessarily evidence as a new growth or change in fresh unblemished skin, it can manifest as an alteration to the appearance of an existing mole or birthmark. Glance at these pictures to familiarise yourself with the identity of melanoma.
Different types of melanoma
A melanoma diagnosis tends to fall into one of three categories, Spreading melanoma, Nodular melanoma which centres around a mole or other normally harmless skin condition and Lentigo melanoma which involves freckles.
Are there sites on the body where melanoma is more common?
Melanomas as a generalisation occur on the legs of females and on the backs of males, possibly reflecting popular fashion and clothing trends in hot weather, exceptions always prove the rule, however.
Melanomas can develop on the face, usually presenting as a slowly growing odd-shaped freckle. Rarely, there are instances of subungual melanoma sited under the fingernails and acral lentiginous melanoma are on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
What is the treatment for melanoma in situ?
Treatment options involve surgical excision which aims to remove cancerous tissue plus a small quantity of healthy skin to ensure that nothing has been overlooked. Adequate clearance is confirmed by histology whereby excised skin is studied in a laboratory environment under a microscope. This is the standard treatment regimen for melanoma in situ plus close monitoring and follow-ups of the patient to detect any progression of the disease. Melanoma which has metastasized thereby affecting other parts of the body requires more aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
What are the average margins removed with melanoma in situ?
Currently, surgeons will harvest approximately 5mm of unaffected skin around the lesion. This became a documented industry standard in 1992. Evidence is increasingly demonstrating that this amount is conservative but no scientific data exists to suggest a more appropriate alternative.
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Despite cutting edge technology – pun intended! - so bright lighting, something called Woods lighting which is black light invisible to the naked eye and, the enhancement of magnification - the clinician cannot take the risk that he has missed a tiny portion of cancerous cells, undetectable with the naked eye. Thus, the debate over accurate and beneficial margins in cases of melanoma in situ continues to rage amongst the medical profession. Most sufferers want the minimal loss of skin for cosmetic reasons but fear the return of cancer more.
What are the stages of melanoma?
Very rapid skin changes are often far less concerning than those materialising over the passage of time. Actual confirmation of melanoma is undertaken via biopsy. A tiny segment is removed for specialist analysis. A positive corroboration is accompanied by a benchmark of severity simply referred to as Stages I-IV, the latter being the most serious. Stage labelling allows the doctor to understand the progression of the disease and determine the most efficacious interventions. The first three stages refer to the depth of melanoma within the skin, size and possible ulceration. Only Stage IV indicates that the illness has spread to other organs.
What is the recurrence of melanoma in situ following surgery?
Survival rates hinge almost totally on the original status of the melanoma at point of diagnosis. Prompt identification and treatment are therefore crucial to happy outcomes. Further primary i.e. not secondary developments, melanomas in situ have a recurrence rate of 0.5% per annum for the first five years post-treatment, decreasing thereafter. Certain age ranges demonstrate a greater propensity for recurrence too, those aged between 15 and 39 and 65 to 79 with the middle years less favoured.
Article References:
- https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2014/07/what-are-the-most-common-sites-for-melanoma/
- https://www.medicinenet.com/melanoma/article.htm#what_are_the_types_of_melanoma
- https://journals.lww.com/dermatologicsurgery/Abstract/2016/03000/Excision_Margins_for_Melanoma_In_Situ_on_the_Head.7.aspx
- https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/wood-lamp-skin-examination/
- https://www.jwatch.org/jd201204060000001/2012/04/06/surgical-margins-melanoma-situ
- https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/stages-of-melanoma/
[post_title] => Melanoma in Situ: Prognosis, Recurrence, Margins, Treatments
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Over 27 articles spanning numerous of Melanoma topics.
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Melanoma in Situ: Prognosis, Recurrence, Margins, Treatments
The global population is so clued up nowadays on the dangers of excessive exposure to harmful rays of sunshine. Additionally, the environmental lobby has fuelled
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Melanoma Statistics, Facts, Biopsy, Immunotherapy, History, Surgery
It won’t come as any great revelation to learn that fair and pale skinned people with blonde or red hair, are more susceptible to the
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How Fast Does Melanoma Spread on any part of your Body?
For a small and relatively innocuous looking cancer, melanoma can prove to be totally deadly. Melanoma is a cancer paradox. If detected early, curative success
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Spitzoid Melanoma in Children and Adults: Prognosis, Symptoms
Spitzoid melanoma is the Scarlet Pimpernel of the melanoma tribe. It is elusive and histologically appears indistinguishable to benign skin lesions – Spitz Naevus, Haemangioma
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Different Forms of Melanoma: Red, Small, Black, Internal, White, Pink, Spots
The perceived wisdom when it comes to melanomas is to medically check or refer any new mole or pre-existing mole which changes in appearance. The
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Melanoma on Hand, Arm, Leg, Foot: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
Cancer is not new, but diagnostic advances have led us to decipher once mystery deaths. Paleopathologists (experts who study ancient pathologies) found evidence of cancer
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Melanoma in Lungs, on Breast, in Lymph Nodes, on Back: Symptoms, Treatments
Unlike what pornography or poorly drawn pictures health texts may portray, most breasts are not entirely smooth. While you should be aware of irregular lumps
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Melanoma on Head, Scalp, Lip and in the Brain: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
UV (ultraviolet) rays can penetrate deep beyond hair follicles. Have a luscious mane may protect you from sun damage, but it doesn’t prevent it. Getting
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Melanoma in Mouth (oral), Ear, Nose, Eye, Retinal, Face: Symptoms, Treatment
There are many different types of melanoma on the face. While symptoms are similar, they are not identical and equal. Many believe that it’s an
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What is Melanoma Skin Cancer: Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Stages, Treatments
What is melanoma cancer? Melanoma cancer refers to the disease where the melanocytes (pigment cells) begin to divide uncontrollably. This causes tumors of these cells
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Best Options and Guidelines for Melanoma Treatments
Like other cancer, the melanoma treatment options are a bit limited. The best treatment for an early diagnosis is a removal of the infected region
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Melanoma Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: Prognoses, Symptoms, Treatments
Like other cancerous diseases, melanoma stages exist to help give an estimation on the prognosis of the disease. High variability with the outcome and prognosis
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Melanoma Under Toenail, Fingernail, on Toe, on Finger: Symptoms, Treatments
Melanoma is a dangerous skin cancer that is generally known for attacking fairer skinned individuals. Not all melanomas have a strong connection with UV exposure,
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Ocular Melanoma – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Foundations, Treatments
To start, there are two separate classifications for tumors in the eye. They can be choroidal or conjunctival. You may feel a familiarity with the
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What is Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: Causes, Prognoses, Treatment, Pictures
The adjective derives from the word lentigo, the fancy way of referring to a freckle. In botany and zoology, it’s used to describe an organism
